Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol or wood alcohol (CAS: 67-56-1), is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, represented by the chemical formula $text{CH}_3text{OH}$. It is a light, volatile, colorless, and flammable liquid with a characteristic odor similar to ethanol. Historically produced through the destructive distillation of wood, modern industrial-scale production utilizes the catalytic conversion of synthesis gas (carbon monoxide and hydrogen) derived from natural gas or biomass.
Methanol serves as a cornerstone of the global chemical industry, acting as a primary feedstock for the synthesis of formaldehyde, acetic acid, and a variety of polymers and resins. Due to its high octane rating and clean-burning characteristics, it is increasingly utilized as a renewable energy carrier and marine fuel. Despite its utility, methanol is highly toxic to humans; ingestion or inhalation can lead to metabolic acidosis and permanent optic nerve damage. Proper handling and adherence to safety protocols are mandatory for its industrial application.
* Acts as a versatile chemical feedstock for numerous industrial syntheses.
* Functions as an effective solvent for a broad range of resins, plastics, paints, and pharmaceuticals.
* Provides reliable freeze protection, making it ideal for antifreeze formulations.
* Serves as a promising alternative fuel source and fuel additive.
* Used as an essential denaturant, rendering ethanol unsuitable for consumption.
* Offers potential for clean energy applications in fuel cells and power generation.
* Completely miscible with water, simplifying its use in aqueous solutions.
* Supports a wide array of critical processes across diverse manufacturing sectors.
* Purity, %wt: 99.85 Min
* Water, %wt: 0.10 Max
* Ethanol, ppmwt: 5.0 Max
* Acetone, ppmwt: 10.0 Max
* Formaldehyde, ppmwt: 5.0 Max
* Iron, ppmwt: 0.10 Max
* Chlorides, ppmwt: 0.10 Max
* Sulfur, ppmwt: 0.50 Max
* Specific Gravity @ 20/20°C: 0.7915 Max
* Carbonizable Substances Pt-Co (APHA) Scale: 30 Max
* **Chemical Feedstock:** Serves as a fundamental building block for producing essential chemicals such as formaldehyde, acetic acid, and numerous other derivatives used in various industries.
* **Fuel and Energy Source:** Utilized in methanol-fueled vehicles, power generation, as an additive in gasoline to improve octane and reduce emissions, and as a marine fuel.
* **Industrial Solvent:** Employed across diverse sectors including pharmaceuticals, paints, coatings, and adhesives due to its excellent ability to dissolve a wide range of organic and inorganic compounds.
* **Antifreeze Agent:** A common component in antifreeze formulations and windshield washer fluids, effectively preventing freezing in cold temperature conditions.
* **Ethanol Denaturant:** Used to denature ethanol, making it unsuitable for consumption and allowing for tax-exempt industrial applications.
* **Laboratory Reagent & Solvent:** Widely used in research and laboratory settings as a versatile reagent, solvent, and cleaning agent for various experiments and analytical procedures.
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