n-Butane is an alkane with four carbon atoms, commonly found as a colorless and highly flammable gas at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Recognized under the IUPAC designation as butane, it is an essential component of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and is primarily derived from natural gas processing and petroleum refining. Its structural simplicity as a linear saturated hydrocarbon makes it a foundational building block in organic synthesis and industrial chemistry. Characterized by its low boiling point and high volatility, butane can be easily liquefied under moderate pressure, facilitating efficient storage and transport. In its refined state, it serves as a crucial feedstock for the production of petrochemicals like ethylene and butadiene. Its thermodynamic properties allow for its widespread use in heating, refrigeration, and specialized industrial processes. While odorless in its pure form, commercial butane often contains odorants for safety. Understanding its molecular behavior is vital for high-performance chemical engineering.
• High energy density: Delivers exceptional caloric value for combustion. • High purity levels: Available in technical and instrument grades. • Ease of liquefaction: Transitions to liquid at low pressure. • Chemical stability: Non-reactive under standard storage conditions. • Low environmental toxicity: Minimal impact compared to heavier hydrocarbons. • Cost-effective transport: Standardized pressure vessels handle large volumes. • Versatile isomerism: Readily converted to isobutane for reactions. • Clean combustion: Produces minimal soot and particulate matter. • Excellent solvency: Useful as a solvent in botanical extraction. • Thermal efficiency: Maximizes output in standardized industrial heating and power generation cycles at peak.
• Chemical Formula: C4H10 with a molar mass of 58.12 g/mol. • Boiling Point: Approximately -0.5 degrees Celsius at standard pressure. • Critical Temperature: Reaches 152 degrees Celsius at critical state point. • Vapor Pressure: Significant pressure of 208 kPa at 20 degrees Celsius. • Flash Point: Extremely low at -60 degrees Celsius for ignition. • Autoignition Temperature: Typically occurs at 287 degrees Celsius in air. • Solubility: Insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. • Gas Density: Measured at 2.48 kg per cubic meter at STP. • Lower Explosive Limit: Flammability range starts at 1.8 percent concentration levels.
• Electrical and electronics
• Connectors, switches, PCB housings, terminal blocks
• Automotive
• Under-hood components, interior assemblies, cable conduits
• Wire and cable
• Insulation layers, sheathing, jacketing materials
• Construction
• Plastic fittings, conduits, insulation panels
• Consumer appliances
• Enclosures, adapters, plugs, casings
• Industrial components
• Fiber-reinforced composites, flame-retardant masterbatches
• Compatible polymers
• PA6, PA66
• PBT, PET
• PE, PP
• Blends and copolymers requiring halogen-free flame retardancy
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